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With the escalation of plastic bans and restrictions, bio-based plastics, represented by polylactic acid (PLA), have become a major alternative to traditional plastics in the current market and are unanimously regarded as having potential for development. However, there are still several misconceptions about bio-based plastics, whose complete degradation requires specific composting conditions. Bio-based plastics might be slow to degrade when it is released into the natural environment. They might also be harmful to humans, biodiversity and ecosystem function as traditional petroleum-based plastics do. In recent years, with the increasing production capacity and market size of PLA plastics in China, there is an urgent need to investigate and further strengthen the management of the life cycle of PLA and other bio-based plastics. In particular, the in-situ biodegradability and recycling of hard-to-recycle bio-based plastics in the ecological environment should be focused. This review introduces the characteristics, synthesis and commercialization of PLA plastics, summarizes the current research progress of microbial and enzymatic degradation of PLA plastics, and discusses their biodegradation mechanisms. Moreover, two bio-disposal methods against PLA plastic waste, including microbial in-situ treatment and enzymatic closed-loop recycling, are proposed. At last, the prospects and trends for the development of PLA plastics are presented.
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Humans , Ecosystem , Biodegradable Plastics , Polyesters , Biodegradation, EnvironmentalABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods:To retrospectively analyze the medical records of RA patients hospitalized in the department of rheumatology and immunity of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018, we collected the baseline characteristics, joint manifestations, extra-articular manifestations, and laboratory parameters of RA patients, and compared the differences between anti-CCP antibody-negative patients and anti-CCP antibody-positive patients by U test and chi-square test. Results:A total of 486 RA patients were included in this study, including 153 anti-CCP antibody-negative patients (31.5%) and 333 anti-CCP antibody-positive patients (68.5%). Compared with anti-CCP antibody-positive group, anti-CCP antibody-negative group had shorter disease course ( U=-4.750, P<0.01) and the pro-portion of morning stiffness, shoulder or elbow joint involvement, and hand arthritis ( P<0.05) was lower, while the incidence of phlebothrombosis of leg ( χ2=4.100, P=0.043) was higher, as well as thrombocytosis ( U=-2.179, P=0.029) and elevation of CRP ( U=-2.154, P=0.03). Subgroup analysis based on RF showed that CCP RF + group had higher percentage of women ( P=0.042) and higher incidence of interstitial lung disease ( χ2=5.652, P=0.017) and secondary Sj?gren's syndrome ( χ2=11.211, P=0.001), compared with CCP RF - group. Conclusion:anti-CCP antibody-negative-patients have similar clinical char-acteristics with anti-CCP antibody-positive group, but the involvement of shoulder or elbow joint and hand arthritis are less common in anti-CCP antibody-negative group. Meanwhile the incidence of phlebothrombosis of leg is higher, and the level of platelet(PLT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is higher, suggesting that anti-CCP antibody-negative RA may have more vident inflammatory response.
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Objective:To explore the effect of the method "four-step posture gargle" on the prevention of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with blood tumor after chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 90 cases with malignant hematological diseases who were treated with chemotherapy in the department of hematologic oncology from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected by convenient sampling method. The control group used "drum gargle", and the test group used "four-step posture gargle". Oral evaluation was conducted on the days of using chemotherapy day, 3d, 7d, 14d and 21d after chemotherapy. The differences of OM occurrence days, OM grading, OM healing time, oral pH value and chemotherapy delay days were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant difference was found between the two groups in OM days and the number of patients with delayed chemotherapy ( P >0.05). After chemotherapy, the oral pH value of the test group was 6.53±0.64, higher than that of the control group (6.01±0.57). The healing time of OM in the test group was (6.76±1.82) d, shorter than that of the control group (8.87±3.06) d, which were with statistically differences ( t value was 4.047 and 3.978, P <0.05). Group level 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ OM cases respectively, 6, 8, 8, 17, 6 cases were lower than the control group of 10, 11, 12, 10, 2 cases, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2 value was 8.000-27.000, P < 0.05). Conclusions:"Four-step body position gargle method" provides a new method of oral care for patients with hematological tumor. The method can effectively reduce the occurrence of oral mucositis, reducing disease-related complications, improving treatment continuity.
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Karacoline is a compound found in the plant Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. Although Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb is widely used for the treatment of pain, very few studies have been carried out on the use of karacoline due to its potential toxicity. In this study, we selected key matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagen II, and aggrecan as targets due to their association with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Using these targets, we then used network pharmacology to predict a series of molecules that might exert therapeutic effects on IDD. Of these molecules, karacoline was predicted to have the best effect. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αis known to promote the degeneration of the extracellular matrix in IDD. We therefore applied different concentrations of karacoline (0, 1.25, or 12.88μM) along with 100 ng/mL TNF-αto rat nucleus pulposus cells and found that karacoline reduced the expression of MMP-14 in IDD by inhibiting the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, while collagen II and aggrecan expression was increased. This suggested that extracellular matrix degradation was inhibited by karacoline (P<0.05). Our data therefore reveal a new clinical application of karacoline and provide support for the use of network pharmacology in predicting novel drugs.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical pathological feature of primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma and to make a further understandine of the disease.@*Methods@#Data including clinical manifesation, pathological findings, molecular detection and immunophenotyping with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma was retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#15 patients with PPSC were identified(13 men and 2 women, age ranged 56-76 years, median age 66 years). The tumor were located in the left lobus superior(8 cases), lobus inferior(6 cases), and the right lobus medius(1 case). The main clinical symptoms was cough, sputum, bloody sputum, chest pain. Among the 13 males, 10 had smoking history of more than 30 years, and 2 females had no smoking history. All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass. All tumor showed mild enhancement similar to that of the surrounding musculature after contrast enhancement, and inhomogeneous central low-attenuation areas were seen in 15 patients. Pathological pattern: 6 cases spindle cell carcinoma, 4 cases pleomorphic carcinoma, 2 cases giant cells carcinoma, 2 cases carcinosarcoma, 1 case pulmonary blastoma. The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was all positive, EMA was positive in 7, VIM was positive in 10 of 15 cases.10 patients were tested for common related genes of lung cancer, 4 patients had MET14 jump mutation, EGFR L858R gene mutation occurred in 3 cases, KARS G13D gene mutation in 2 cases, and BRAF V600E mutation in 1 case. All 15 patients underwent lobectomy, 13 underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, and 6 underwent local radiotherapy. Postoperative follow-up was 8 to 50 months, 3 cases were lost, and 4 cases were survival 3 years after the surgery.@*Conclusion@#Pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Compared with other NSCLC, there is no special clinical and imageing characteristics. Its definite diagnosis relies on postoperative pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining, and PSC needs to be diatinguished from a variely of disease. PPSC is more aggressive and poor prognosis.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.@*Methods@#The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People′s Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected. There were 20 males and 14 females, aged from 39 to 81 years, with an average age of 66 years. All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination. Observation indicators: (1) surgery and treatment; (2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions; (3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens; (4) follow-up and survival; (5) analysis of prognostic factors. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve, and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.@*Results@#(1) Surgery and treatment: all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide. (2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions: patients had epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms. Of 34 patients, number of males, cases with age ≥60 years, cases with esophageal involvement, cases with stable microsatellite, cases with higher CA19-9, cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen, cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm, cases with vascular tumor emboli, cases with positive lymph node metastasis, cases with nerve invasion were 20, 29, 31, 28, 4, 3, 29, 30, 27, 30, 29, respectively. (3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens: the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type, with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm. Of the 34 patients, 1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa, 5 infiltrated into muscle layer, 18 infiltrated into serosal layer, and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues. Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components accounted for more than 30%. Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients, 14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 5 were low-adhesion carcinoma, 1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma. Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients, 10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type. Of the 34 patients, 10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused, and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed. Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin, pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule. The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin, cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7. (4) Follow-up and survival: 34 patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months, with a median time of 53.7 months. The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months, with a median time of 35 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 93.31%, 53.60%, and 20.62%. (5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors: results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9, tumor diameter, intravascular tumor thrombus, tumor pathological TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, microsatellite detection, and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724, 0.327, 1.401, 1.612, 1.542, 1.876, 0.945, 95% confidence interval: 1.226-3.467, 0.218-0.776, 1.171-4.432, 0.694-4.054, 0.987-3.776, 1.217-4.341, 0.614-2.115, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio=1.667, 1.441, 1.306, 3.501, 95% confidence interval: 1.013-4.915, 1.035-5.746, 1.006-6.213, 2.076-8.528, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components account for more than 30%. The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nest-like pattern, rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern, with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin, and it is easy to see mitotic figures. Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation. The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed, and also can be closely adjacent but not confused. Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.
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Objective To investigate the clinical pathological feature of primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma and to make a further understandine of the disease.Methods Data including clinical manifesation,pathological findings,molecular detection and immunophenotyping with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma was retrospectively analyzed.Results 15 patients with PPSC were identified (13 men and 2 women,age ranged 56-76 years,median age 66 years).The tumor were located in the left lobus superior(8 cases),lobus inferior (6 cases),and the right lobus medius (1 case).The main clinical symptoms was cough,sputum,bloody sputum,chest pain.Among the 13 males,10 had smoking history of more than 30 years,and 2 females had no smoking history.All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass.All tumor showed mild enhancement similar to that of the surrounding musculature after contrast enhancement,and inhomogeneous central low-attenuation areas were seen in 15 patients.Pathological pattern:6 cases spindle cell carcinoma,4 cases pleomorphic carcinoma,2 cases giant cells carcinoma,2 cases carcinosarcoma,1 case pulmonary blastoma.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was all positive,EMA was positive in 7,VIM was positive in 10 of 15 cases.10 patients were tested for common related genes of lung cancer,4 patients had MET14 jump mutation,EGFR L858R gene mutation occurred in 3 cases,KARS G13D gene mutation in 2 cases,and BRAF V600E mutation in 1 case.All 15 patients underwent lobectomy,13 underwent adjuvant chemotherapy,and 6 underwent local radiotherapy.Postoperative follow-up was 8 to 50 months,3 cases were lost,and 4 cases were survival 3 years after the surgery.Conclusion Pulmonary sarcomatold carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer.Compared with other NSCLC,there is no special clinical and imageing characteristics.Its definite diagnosis relies on postoperative pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining,and PSC needs to be diatinguished from a variely of disease.PPSC is more aggressive and poor prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected.There were 20 males and 14 females,aged from 39 to 81 years,with an average age of 66 years.All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination.Observation indicators:(1) surgery and treatment;(2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions;(3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens;(4) follow-up and survival;(5) analysis of prognostic factors.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range).Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages.Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve,and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.Results (1) Surgery and treatment:all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide.(2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions:patients had epigastric discomfort,abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms.Of 34 patients,number of males,cases with age ≥ 60 years,cases with esophageal involvement,cases with stable microsatellite,cases with higher CA19-9,cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen,cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm,cases with vascular tumor emboli,cases with positive lymph node metastasis,cases with nerve invasion were 20,29,31,28,4,3,29,30,27,30,29,respectively.(3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens:the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type,with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm.Of the 34 patients,1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa,5 infiltrated into muscle layer,18 infiltrated into serosal layer,and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues.Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components accounted for more than 30％.Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients,14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma,6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,5 were low-adhesion carcinoma,1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma.Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients,10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type.Of the 34 patients,10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused,and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed.Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin,pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule.The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin,cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7.(4) Follow-up and survival:34patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months,with a median time of 53.7 months.The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months,with a median time of 35 months.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 93.31％,53.60％,and 20.62％.(5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors:results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9,tumor diameter,intravascular tumor thrombus,tumor pathological TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,microsatellite detection,and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724,0.327,1.401,1.612,1.542,1.876,0.945,95％ confidence interval:1.226-3.467,0.218-0.776,1.171-4.432,0.694-4.054,0.987-3.776,1.217-4.341,0.614-2.115,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio =1.667,1.441,1.306,3.501,95％ confidence interval:1.013-4.915,1.035-5.746,1.006-6.213,2.076-8.528,P＜0.05).Conclusions Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components account for more than 30％.The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nestlike pattern,rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern,with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin,and it is easy to see mitotic figures.Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma,mucinous adenocarcinoma,papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation.The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed,and also can be closely adjacent but not confused.Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.
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Pancreas arises from dorsal and ventral anlagen,and there is an embryological fusion plane between them.The embryological fusion plane can be discriminated by immunohistochemical staining for an anti-pancreatic polypeptide or computed tomography.The embryological fusion plane can not only guide the management of benign or low malignant potential tumors,but also determine the clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic head cancer and patients'survival,and the embryological fusion plane plays an important role in the management of pancreatic disease.In this review,the research progressions and clinical significance in the embryological fusion plane of dorsal and ventral pancreas are described.
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Objective To investigate the short term and long term clinical efficacy of gemcitabine combined with lobaplatin interventional embolization therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its influence on the levels of serum tumor biomarkers .Methods A total of 62 cases of HBV infected HCC in the first affiliated hospital of Chengdu Medical University from June 2012 to January 2015 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the intravenous drip of gemcit-abine plus lobaplatin treatment group (control group) and gemcitabine plus lobaplatin via hepatic artery hy-perthermal perfusion chemotherapy embolism group (embolization group) ,31 cases in each group .The short term and long term clinical efficacy and the changes of serum tumor biomarkers levels were compared between the two groups .Results The total effective rate in the control group was 48 .39％ (15/31) ,which was signifi-cantly lower than 83 .87％ (26/31) in the embolization group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);moreover ,the disease control rate in the embolization group was 93 .55％ (29/31) ,which also was sig-nificantly higher than 74 .19％ (23/31) in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant ( P<0 .05);however ,there were no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions ,av-erage survival time ,1-year and 2-year survival rates between the two groups (P>0 .05);after treatment ,the serum tumor biomarkers CEA ,NSE ,CYFRA21-1 ,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the two groups were signifi-cantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0 .05);the levels of serum tumor markers after treatment had statistical difference between the embolization group and control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Gemcitabine combined with lobaplatin interventional embolization therapy can significantly improve the clini-cal efficacy of HBV infected HCC ,and can significantly improve the level of serum tumor biomarkers .
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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer ( EGC) with micropapillary pattern. Methods In 447 consecutive EGC patients at Changzhou No. 2 People′s Hospital admitted from January 2006 to December 2016, 8 ( 1. 8％) with micropapillary adenocarcinoma (≥5％) were enrolled in the observation group and the remaining 439 were included in the control group. Clinicopathologic features including age, gender, gross pattern, tumor location, size, invasion depth, lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, gross pattern, tumor location or size (all P>0. 05). The observation group showed significantly more frequent submucosal invasion ( 100. 0％, 8/8 ) , lymphovascular invasion ( 62. 5％, 5/8 ) , lymphatic metastasis (62. 5％, 5/8), and higher pathological stage (Ⅱ+Ⅲ 25. 0％, 2/8) compared with those in the control group, which were 52. 4％ ( 230/439 ) , 9. 1％ ( 40/439 ) , 13. 9％ ( 61/439 ) , and 5. 9％ ( 26/439 ) , respectively ( all P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion EGC with micropapillary pattern is rare with a high liability to lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and higher pathological stage, compared to EGC without micropapillary pattern.
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Compared with the passive teaching mode of traditional medical education in postgraduate students,Journal club can bring postgraduates' initiative and innovative into full play,which will improve the training level of clinical postgraduate students.For successfully implementing Journal club,the teacher's attention and guidance and the postgraduates' active participation are required.At the same time,according to different learning levels of postgraduates chooses suitable Journal club's type step by step is necessary.Successful Journal club also need clear goals and a reasonable feedback mechanism,which should be im proved in practice.
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Depression is a common mood disorder, with a high incidence and prevalence, while the overall diagnosis and treatment rate are low.Even if patients attained the initial clinical cure, there is still a high risk of depression recurrence, of which a great part may turn into self-mutilation or even suicide.Taking antidepressants as the most preferred treatment of moderate and major depression is recommended by almost all clinical treatment guidelines at home and abroad currently.At the same time, the concept of depression treatment is changing gradually from the initial single-mode drug therapy for symptom control to a comprehensive, individualized, quantitative treatment model. Promising psychological treatment, physical therapy and other alternative and complementary treatments are developing quickly.
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Depression is a common mood disorder, with a high incidence and prevalence, while the overall diagnosis and treatment rate are low.Even if patients attained the initial clinical cure, there is still a high risk of depression recurrence, of which a great part may turn into self-mutilation or even suicide.Taking antidepressants as the most preferred treatment of moderate and major depression is recommended by almost all clinical treatment guidelines at home and abroad currently.At the same time, the concept of depression treatment is changing gradually from the initial single-mode drug therapy for symptom control to a comprehensive, individualized, quantitative treatment model. Promising psychological treatment, physical therapy and other alternative and complementary treatments are developing quickly.
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Objective To study the endogenous metabolites of liver-kidney deficiency syndrome in knee-joint osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore the metabolic profile of KOA liver-kidney deficiency syndrome. Methods Totally 50 cases of KOA with liver-kidney deficiency syndrome and 50 cases of KOA with non-liver-kidney deficiency syndrome were collected respectively, and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were collected as the normal group. The serum samples of subjects were collected after fasting for 8 h. Hydro-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectrometer was collected. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discrimination analysis were used to conduct multivariate statistical analysis. Results 1H-NMR could identify 23 kinds of metabolites, and there was statistical significance between KOA patients and healthy volunteers (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was statistical significance in cartilage matrix metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, pain, inflammation-related metabolites in patients with KOA liver-kidney deficiency syndrome and patients with KOA non-liver-kidney deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with KOA liver-kidney deficiency syndrome have a unique 1H-NMR metabolic profile, KOA syndrome has a metabolic material basis.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare the Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sustained-release tablet and study the in vitro drug release behavior. METHODS:Using raceanisodamine and neostigmine methyl sulfate as main medicines,hydroxypropyl meth-yl cellulose as sustained release skeleton material,magnesium stearate as the lubricant,polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the adhesive,pre-gelatinized starch as the thinner,microcrystalline cellulose as the disintegrant and filler,Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sustained-release tablet was prepared by wet granulation method and direct compression method. The in vitro cumulative release rate within 12 h of the 2 main medicines was detected by HPLC method. RESULTS:Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sus-tained-release tablet was successfully prepared,and the in vitro release was basically completed within 12 h,with accumulative re-lease rate of 91.3% for anisodamine and 96.5% for neostigmine. CONCLUSIONS:Compound anisodamine and neostigmine sus-tained-release tablet that can cumulatively release for 12 h is successfully prepared.
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Objective To investigate the role of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis-related Trim72 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Cas9 system.Methods Hepa1-6 (Cas9) HCC cells were established with stable expression of Cas9 protein,and then specific gene knockout was performed using sgRNA targeting Trim72 gene.After obtaining the Hepa1-6 (Trim72-KO) cells,the metastasis and invasion abilities of the cells were evaluated by in vitro Transwell assay and in vivo subcutaneous lung metastasis examination.Results Hepa1-6 (Trim72-KO) cell line was successfully established by the CRISPR-Cas9 system.Transwell assay indicated that the mobility of Hepa1-6 (Trim72-KO) cells was increased compared to the control cells.Transwell assay indicated that the metastasis and invasion of Hepa1-6 (Cas9) HCC cells were enhanced after the knockout of Trim72 gene.The pathological examination of lung metastasis of subcutaneous tumor in vivo showed that the subcutaneously metastatic ability of Hepa1-6 (Trim72-KO) cells (the experimental group) was significantly stronger than Hepa1-6 (Cas9) cells (the control troup) that were not transferred to the corresponding sgRNA.Conclusions The trim72 gene knocked-out HCC cells were obtained by CRISPR-Cas9 system,which showed stronger metastasis and invasion abilities than the control cells.It is suggested that Trim72 gene may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of HCC,and Trim 72 gene is expected to be a potential target for gene therapy of liver cancer.
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Objective:To explore the expression of IL-22 in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis,and to define the clinical sig-nificance of IL-22 cells for RA. Methods: A total of 50 RA patients, 15 OA patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. The proportion of Th22 cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid( SF) of RA patients was detected by flow cytometry;the levels of IL-22 in serum and synovial fluid of RA patients were detected by ELISA. The clinical parameters of disease activity were assessed including ESR,RF,CRP,DAS28,anti CCP and the degree of bone erosions determined by X-rays. Pearson correlation analysis,t test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The proportion of Th22 cells in RA patients was higher than that of OA patients (t=2. 290 ,P=0. 021) and healthy controls(t=2. 524,P=0. 015). IL-22 levels in RA patients were higher than that of OA patients (t=2. 560,P=0. 014) and healthy controls(t=2. 768,P=0. 009). IL-22 in the RF positive group were higher than that of RF negative group(t=2. 322,P=0. 035). IL-22 in the anti-CCP antibody positive group were higher than that of anti-CCP antibody negative group (t=2. 504,P=0. 015). The levels of IL-22 were correlated positively with ESR,RF,DAS28(r=0. 312,0. 314,0. 332,P χ20.05(3),P<0. 05). Serum IL-22 levels in the RA patients with joint effusion were higher than that of without(t=2. 587,P=0. 012). The levels of IL-22 in SF were higher than that in serum(t=2. 668,P=0. 011),and had no correlation with the proportion of Th22 cells in SF. Conclusion: The expression of IL-22 in serum and joint effusion of RA patients increase. The level of IL-22 may be useful marker for assessment of disease activity and finding of bone erosions. Therapeutic targeting of IL-22 may be valuable for the intervention of RA.
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Objective: To explore the correlation of left descending anterior (LDA) myocardial bridge (MB) and atherosclerosis at proximal to a segment with MB in patients elderly than 60 years and to identify if LDAMB could become the independent risk factor of atherosclerotic stenosis at proximal to a segment with MB. Methods: A total of 986 patients with multi-slice spiral CT diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied and 389 patients with 486 MB in left heart were found. General information as the age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking conditions were collected, relationship between LDAMB and atherosclerotic stenosis at proximal to a segment with MB was studied by Logistic regression analysis. Results: There were 48/389 (12.3%) cases with MB at proximal segment of LDA, 254 (65.3%) cases with MB at middle segment of LDA, 51 (13.1%) cases with MB at distal segment of LDA, 19 (4.9%) cases with MB at the ifrst diagonal branch and 17 (4.4%) cases with MB at obtuse marginal branch respectively. Logistic regression analysis presented that age (OR=1.07, 95% CI 0.02-0.09,P0.05. Conclusion: MB at middle segment of LDA was with the higher occurrence rate of atherosclerotic stenosis at proximal to a segment with MB in elderly patients, which could be used as an independence risk factor for clinical diagnosis.
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Objective To explore the necessity and effect of the motivational interviewing/MIcurriculum in medical school students. Methods Helping smoking cessation in standard patients with coronary heart disease was assumed as the expected goal. MI was carried out for medical school students to master basal knowledge and skills of MI and help using MI methods in persuading smoking quitting. The teaching mode of MI curriculum was comprised of a lecture series and small group dis-cussion with videotaped practice in role plays. Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scoring tool was applied to assess the teaching effect of MI curriculum with students' performance videotapes. Questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality and efficacy of the MI curriculum, and SPSS 13.0 was used to t test measurement data. Results Analysis of the MITI scores showed students had general mastery of MI knowledge. Nevertheless, they did not reach recommended professional profi-ciency level. The scores of empathy and MI spirit in global ratings were (4.11 ±0.32) and (5.82 ± 0.17), respectively (recommended level, 6 score). In the videotape evaluation of behavior counts, MI adherentreached (70.96%±24.34%) (recommended level, 90%). Open question reached (31.42%±8.51%) (recommended level, 70%). Total refection counts were (7.84±3.22) counts per video (recom-mended level, 10). The standard questions recommended in MI for behavior change were better used by students. 93.75%and 87.50%students used ranking questions to evaluate the importance and con-fidence of smoking quitting. Nevertheless, the exploration questions about importance and confidence were less used to know the reason behind their ranking . The results of questionnaire showed that 83.33%students felt MI curriculum effective to help them improve confidence and skills in counseling with patients. 97.91%students thought the mastery of MI methods as an important skill for physicians to have. Conclusion The teaching practice of MI curriculum in medical school students is necessary and feasible with good teaching results. It is worth for professional counseling regarding unhealthy be-havior change in patients.